长程运动诱发试验的两种方法在诊断低钾性周期性麻痹中的比较

摘要 目的：探究长程运动诱发试验（exercise test, ET）的两种方法在诊断低钾性周期性麻痹患者的价值比较。方法：选择2018年2月~2020年3月我院住院和门诊的72例低钾性周期性麻痹患者,根据ET检测的方法分为观察组和对照组,对比两组ET检测在运动后即刻、运动后的10、20、30、40、50、60 min的双侧尺神经进行复合肌肉动作电位（compound muscle action potential,cMAP）波幅和ET阳性率;以临床诊断结果为金指标,分析两组ET诊断价值。结果：两组的ET检测的阳性发生率对比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。两组波幅降低百分比在运动后即刻以及运动后的10、20、30、40、50、60 min对比无差异(P>0.05),在20 min后观察组波幅降低百分比趋势稍比对照组慢。临床诊断结果阳性68例,阳性率为94.44 %。观察组ET检测的特异性为50.0 %,灵敏度为88.23 %,对照组ET检测的特异性为25.0 %,灵敏度为80.88 %,观察组的特异性和灵敏度均优于对照组。结论：长程运动诱发试验是低钾型周期性麻痹诊断中重要的辅助诊断方法之一,且运动持续50 s,休息10 s,只做1个循环的方法,简单、快捷,可供临床诊断时优先选择。     

基于选择实验法的流域中下游居民生态补偿支付意愿及其偏好研究——以渭河流域为例

在流域生态补偿机制的建设中,相关利益主体的生态补偿意愿和行为的分析对政策的管理和执行至关重要。运用选择实验法对渭河流域中下游居民的支付意愿进行考察,通过构建Mixed Logit模型对城乡居民的支付意愿及其偏好进行实证分析。研究发现,城镇和农村居民的选择显著受到水质、河流面积/水量、水土流失情况、动物种类/数量这4个属性变量的正向影响,支付金额的负向影响;其次,城镇和农村居民对水质这一属性具有最高的支付意愿,对河流面积/水量这一属性具有次高的支付意愿,而对动物种类/数量这一属性具有最低的支付意愿;最后,城镇和农村居民的平均支付意愿分别为13.168元月~(-1)人~(-1)和9.050元月~(-1)人~(-1),前者的支付意愿明显高于后者。     

Competition for safe real estate,not food,drives density‐dependent juvenile survival in a large herbivore

Density‐dependent competition for food reduces vital rates, with juvenile survival often the first to decline. A clear prediction of food‐based, density‐dependent competition for large herbivores is decreasing juvenile survival with increasing density. However, competition for enemy‐free space could also be a significant mechanism for density dependence in territorial species. How juvenile survival is predicted to change across density depends critically on the nature of predator–prey dynamics and spatial overlap among predator and prey, especially in multiple‐predator systems. Here, we used a management experiment that reduced densities of a generalist predator, coyotes, and specialist predator, mountain lions, over a 5‐year period to test for spatial density dependence mediated by predation on juvenile mule deer in Idaho, USA. We tested the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis by tracking the fate of 251 juvenile mule deer, estimating cause‐specific mortality, and testing responses to changes in deer density and predator abundance. Overall juvenile mortality did not increase with deer density, but generalist coyote‐caused mortality did, but not when coyote density was reduced experimentally. Mountain lion‐caused mortality did not change with deer density in the reference area in contradiction of the food‐based competition hypothesis, but declined in the treatment area, opposite to the pattern of coyotes. These observations clearly reject the food‐based density‐dependence hypothesis for juvenile mule deer. Instead, our results provide support for the spatial density‐dependence hypothesis that competition for enemy‐free space increases predation by generalist predators on juvenile large herbivores.     

Prior exposure to stress allows the maintenance of an ecosystem cycle following severe acidification

Ecosystem processes vary temporally due to environmental fluctuations, such as when variation in solar energy causes diurnal cycles in primary production. This normal variation in ecosystem functioning may be disrupted and even lost if taxa contributing to functioning go extinct due to environmental stress. However, when communities are exposed to the stress at sub-lethal levels over several generations, they may be able to develop community-level stress tolerance via ecological (e.g. species sorting) or evolutionary (e.g. selection for tolerant genotypes) mechanisms and thus avoid the loss of stability, as defined by the resistance of a process. Community tolerance to a novel stressor is expected to increase the resistance of key processes in stressed ecosystems. In freshwater communities we tested whether prolonged prior exposure to an environmental stressor, i.e. acidification, could increase ecosystem stability when the communities were exposed to a subsequent press perturbation of more severe acidification. As a measure of ecosystem stability, we quantified the diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen (DO), and the resistance of the DO cycle and phytoplankton biomass. High-frequency data from oxygen loggers deployed in 12 mesocosms showed that severe acidification with sulfuric acid to pH 3 could cause a temporary (i.e. two-week long) loss of diurnal variation in dissolved oxygen concentration. The loss of diurnal variation was accompanied by a strong reduction in phytoplankton biomass. However, the pre-exposure to acidification for several weeks resulted in the maintenance of the diurnal cycle and higher levels of phytoplankton biomass, though they did not return to as rapidly to pre-exposure functioning as non-exposed mesocosms. These results suggest that ecosystem stability is intrinsically linked to community-wide stress tolerance, and that a history of exposure to the stressor may increase resistance to it, though at the cost of some resilience.     

厌氧E-MBR反应器在焦化废水处理中的微生物特性研究

【目的】将厌氧的膜生物反应器(MBR)与微生物燃料电池(MFC)耦合的厌氧电辅助膜生物反应器(E-MBR)应用于实际工业焦化废水处理。【方法】通过正交实验优化了反应器进水的培养条件为PO_4~(3–)14.3 mg/L、Fe~(2+)0.2 mg/L、Fe~(3+)0.1 mg/L、Co~(2+)0.1 mg/L和Mn~(2+)0.2 mg/L。在此条件下考察了该反应器对系统中有机污染物的去除效率及厌氧污泥的污泥特性、产电性能、胞外聚合物(EPS)、微生物群落结构及膜污染的影响。【结果】结果表明,与未优化的培养条件相比,工业焦化废水COD的去除率提高了23%;污泥浓度(MLSS)、比重、沉降速度增加,污泥体积指数(SVI)降低,表明污泥颗粒化及沉降性能提高;污泥中溶解性EPS (SMP)、松散态EPS (LB-EPS)及紧密结合态EPS (TB-EPS)这3种组分中的蛋白质与多糖的比例(P/C)分别降低0.12、0.25和0.16,表明污泥更易于被降解;厌氧污泥的产电性能增强;高通量分子测序结果表明,反应器中污泥的群落结构发生了明显的变化,优势菌群突出;经扫描电镜(SEM)对比结果表明,反应器阴极膜的污染情况也得到了一定的减缓。【结论】优化进水培养条件可以达到使反应器污水处理效率提高、清理周期缩短和运行更稳定等效果,对于工业废水处理技术的节能环保方面提供一定的理论依据。     

烤烟根际烟碱降解细菌的多样性及其促生特性分析

【背景】挖掘兼具烟碱降解和植物根际促生细菌(Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria,PGPR)功能的细菌资源,有助于保护土壤质量,实现绿色种植。【目的】分析烤烟根际细菌多样性,筛选可降解高浓度烟碱的PGPR。【方法】采用纯培养法在选择性培养基上分离烟碱降解细菌。通过BOXA1R-PCR分析技术、16SrRNA基因测序及系统发育树构建,对菌株的遗传多样性和分类学地位进行分析。进一步评价了菌株的吲哚乙酸(Indole-3-Acetic Acid,IAA)活性、溶磷能力、病原菌拮抗能力等PGPR指标,以筛选出高效PGPR,最后通过盆栽试验验证其促生效果。【结果】分离得到58株烟碱降解细菌,根据BOXA1R-PCR指纹图谱选取11株菌进行16S rRNA基因序列测定,结果表明,58株菌分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、拉乌尔菌属(Raoultella)和短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas)4个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为优势菌属。58株细菌中48.28%的菌株可产IAA,27.59%具备溶磷能力,37.93%具备纤维素降解能力,G2-13、G2-3及HT2-8因促生与抗病特性突出而被筛选为目标功能菌。盆栽试验结果表明,G2-13菌株对幼苗生长的促进作用明显,可使株高与地上部鲜重分别增加33.05%与53.32%。【结论】烤烟根际存在较为丰富多样的烟碱降解细菌,它们在种植业上具有潜在的应用价值。     

少数民族班级兽医微生物学实验课教学内容及考核方式改革

兽医微生物学是动物医学专业的专业基础课,实验课是本课程重要的组成部分,对达成课程目标及后续课程的学习均具有重要的意义。为解决兽医微生物学实验课教学中主要存在的“痛点”问题,有效提高少数民族学生实验水平。通过合理编排实验内容、采用“竞赛式”考核方式将405名少数民族学生随机分为实验组和对照组,分别采用改革后的教学模式与传统教学模式进行授课。通过对比分析两组学生的考试成绩及调查问卷得知：实验组学生的考试成绩、实验操作能力、创新能力、资料处理及分析问题的能力较对照组学生均有显著的提高,表明教学改革取得了良好的效果。     

地方特色资源融入微生物学研究型实验教学改革

在新疆伊犁河谷,具有应用价值的地方特色微生物资源非常丰富,本文借此开展了微生物学研究型实验教学的改革实践,具体措施为:开发利用了地方特色实验材料、实验教学内容及相应的教学策略等,教学效果问卷调查显示这些举措有利于培养学生的创新能力和科研能力。